University students’ attitudes towards AI-enabled learning enjoyment: Evidence from the Philippines

Abstract

As artificial intelligence (AI) tools increasingly shape higher education, understanding their impact on students’ motivation and learning experiences is essential. This study investigated university students’ attitudes towards AI and its role in enhancing learning enjoyment. A total of 220 university students from Regions XI and XII in the Philippines participated in the study during the second quarter of 2025, using an instrument based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Self-determination Theory (SDT). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and factor analysis. The measurement model showed satisfactory reliability (Cronbach’s alpha=0.759 to 0.914). Using Principal Axis Factoring with Promax rotation, strong factor loadings (λ=0.414 to 0.946) emerged, along with acceptable model fit indices (CFI=0.916, TLI=0.901, RMSEA=0.0873, SRMR=0.086). While students generally reported positive experiences with AI tools, concerns regarding creativity loss, over-reliance, and occasional confusion were also noted. These findings suggest that AI integration should balance technical benefits with pedagogical considerations to support both academic performance and student well-being. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and focus on university-level participants, suggesting the need for longitudinal and multi-context studies.